This website titled www.sports.org.in is the official website of the Indian Institute of Sports.
Sports in India refers to the large variety of games played in India, ranging from tribal games to more mainstream sports such as field hockey, kabaddi, cricket, badminton and football. India's diversity of culture, people, and tribes are reflected in the wide variety of sporting disciplines in the country.
Cricket is the most popular sport in India, the country has hosted and won the Cricket World Cup on multiple occasions. Field hockey is the most successful sport for India at the Olympic Games; the Indian men's team have won thirteen Olympic medals including 8 Olympic gold medals.
Other popular sports in India are badminton, football, shooting, wrestling, boxing, tennis, squash, weightlifting, gymnastics, athletics, tabletennis, basket ball, volleyball and cycling. Popular indigenous sports include chess, kho-kho, kite-fighting, leg cricket, polo, snooker and gillidanda. Kabaddi is an ancient sport and one of the fastest growing sport of India. It can be said that Indian Kabaddi team is the strongest kabaddi team in the world and to defeat India is very hard for other countries teams. India won many matches and seasons of Kabaddi at the Asian Games and all three seasons of Kabaddi World Cup (Standard style).
India has hosted and co-hosted several international sporting events, most notably the 1987, 1996 and 2011 Cricket World Cups, the 1951 and 1982 Asian Games, the 2010 Commonwealth Games, and the 2017 FIFA U-17 World Cup.
Domestic professional sports leagues in the country include the Indian Premier League (Twenty20 cricket), the I-League and the Indian Super League (football), the Pro Kabaddi League (kabaddi), the Hockey India League (hockey), Premier Badminton League (badminton), the Pro Wrestling League (wrestling), the Ultimate Table Tennis league (table tennis), and the Pro Volleyball League (volleyball). The Ultimate Kho-Kho League is expected to launch in 2020, having attracted a major sponsorship deal with Dabur.
Major international sporting events annually held in India include the Chennai Open in tennis, the Indian Open in golf, and the India Open in badminton.
The Major Dhyan Chand Khel Ratna is India's highest award for achievement in sports, while the Dronacharya Award is awarded for excellence in coaching.
History
Ancient and Medieval period
The world's oldest stadium with terraced stands was constructed at Dholavira, Gujarat during 3rd millennium BCE. Two stadiums have been identified at the ancient site, one is considered a ceremonial ground, another, a small stadium.
The importance of sports was also evident in India in the Vedic era. Physical culture in ancient India was fuelled by religious rights. The mantra in the Atharvaveda says, "Duty is in my right hand and the fruits of victory in my left." In terms of an ideal, these words hold the same sentiments as the traditional Olympic Oath: "For the Honour of my Country and the Glory of Sport."
The modern game of badminton has developed from an old children's game known in England as battledore and shuttlecock, a game popular in ancient India. The battledore was a paddle and the shuttlecock a small feathered cork, now usually called a "bird".
Games like chess and snakes and ladders originated from the ancient Indian games chaturanga and gyan chauper, respectively; these were later transmitted to foreign countries, where they were further modernized.
During the rule of the Mughal Empire, a form of wrestling known as pehlwani developed, by combining native malla-yuddha with influences from Persian varzesh-e bastani.
British Colonial period
The
Indian Hockey team at the 1936 Berlin Olympics,
later going
on to defeat
Germany 8-1
in the final.
During the colonial period, British India competed at six Olympic Games, notably winning medals in field hockey.
Snooker originated in the late 19th century among British Army officers stationed in India.
Modern polo originated in British India in the 19th century,[b] from Manipur, where the game was known as 'Sagol Kangjei', 'Kanjai-bazee', or 'Pulu'. The name "polo" is the anglicized version of the latter. The first polo club was established in Silchar, Assam, in 1833. The oldest polo club still in existence is the Calcutta Polo Club, which was established in 1862.
Dorabji Tata, with the support of Dr. A.G. Noehren, then director of YMCA, established the Indian Olympic Association in 1927.
India hosted the Asian Games in New Delhi in 1951 and 1982. The current Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports was initially set up as the Department of Sports in 1982 at the time of organisation of the Games in New Delhi. Its name was changed to the Department of Youth Affairs & Sports during celebration of the International Youth Year in 1985. India has also hosted or co-hosted several international sporting events, including the 1987, 1996 and 2011 Cricket World Cups, the 2003 Afro-Asian Games, the 2010 Hockey World Cup, and the 2010 Commonwealth Games. Major international sporting events annually held in India include the Chennai Open, the Mumbai Marathon and the Delhi Half Marathon. The country hosted the first Indian Grand Prix in 2011.
Administration
Political responsibility for sport in India lies with the Department of Sports under the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports; the department runs under the charge of a Secretary to the Government of India, while the ministry is headed usually by a Minister of State. A ministry-recognised National Sports Federation (NSF) represents each Olympic and non-Olympic sport, the only major exception being the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI), which is not an NSF. As of 2019, 56 NSFs are recognised by the ministry. The presence of politicians at the helm of many such federations has been criticised for causing inefficiency and corruption.
Sports Authority of India, the field arm of the ministry, supports and nurtures talent in youth, and provides them with requisite infrastructure, equipment, coaching facilities and competition exposure.
The Indian Olympic Association (IOA) is responsible for the Indian contingent's participation in the Olympic Games, Commonwealth Games, Asian Games (outdoor, indoor and beach), and South Asian Games. The selection of the national teams is done by the respective national federations and then recommended to the IOA for official sponsorship for participation in those games.
Sports Awards
1. Dhyan Chand Khel Ratna Award - This award is given to the most spectacular and outstanding performance in the field of sports by a sportsperson over a period of four years immediately preceding the year during which the award is to be given .The award carries a prize money of 7.5 lakh rupees.
2. Arjuna Award - This award is given to the sports persons
who has consistently good performance for previous four
years at international level and has shown qualities of
leadership, sportsmanship. This award carries a cash prize
of 5 lakh rupees.
3. Dronacharya Award - This award is for coaches who work
full time or part time and produce outstanding achievements
over a period of four years immediately preceding the year
of award, there are also two awards for lifetime
contribution in sports coaching, the award carries a cash
prize of 5 lakh rupees.
4. Dhyan Chand Award - This award is for a sports person who
has not only good performance him/herself at the
international level but also should have continued to
contribute to promotion of sports in individual capacity
even after his / her career as a sports person is over. This
award carries a cash prize of 5 lakh rupees.
International sports events held in India
Following is a list of international sports events held in India:
India
at major international sports events
Olympics
A single athlete, Norman Pritchard, represented India in the
1900 Olympics, winning two silver medals. India sent its
first national team to the Olympics in 1920, and has
participated in every Summer Olympic Games ever since. India
has also competed at several Winter Olympic Games since
1964.
As of 2021, India has won a total of 35 Summer Olympic
medals. India won its first gold medal in men's field hockey
in the 1928 Olympic Games.
On winning the 10m air rifle event at the 2008 Olympics,
Abhinav Bindra became the first Indian to win an individual
gold medal at the Olympic Games, and India's first gold
medal since 1980, when the men's field hockey team had won
the gold.
Commonwealth Games
Tennis player Sania Mirza has won multiple medals, including
in various Grand Slam events, Commonwealth Games and Asian
Games.
India has competed in all but four editions of the
Commonwealth Games, starting at the second Games in 1934.
India has hosted the Games once, in 2010 at Delhi. India is
the fourth-most successful country at the games; it has won
a total of 504 medals, including 181 gold medals.
Asian Games
India has participated in every edition of the Asian Games,
and has hosted the Games in 1951 and 1982 at New Delhi. As
of 2018, India is the sixth-most successful country, winning
671 medals, including 139 golds. India has won at least one
gold medal in each tournament.
The National Games of India
The National Games of India are conducted by the Indian
Olympic Association and are meant to identify national
sporting talents who can be selected for the Olympics. The
first National Games, then called the Indian Olympic Games,
were held in Lahore in 1924, while the first modern Games
were held in New Delhi in 1985.
Olympic sports
The game of archery has historical significance, as royals
in the ancient days used to practice archery. Modern-day
archery in India began in the early 1970s, before its
introduction as an Olympic event in 1972, and it was
formalised in 1973 when the Archery Association of India
(AAI) came into existence. Since its inception, AAI has been
promoting an organisation for the sport. India has been
producing some world class players who are the medal
hopefuls in international events of archery.
Athletics: Track, Field and Road
Lalita Babar, an Indian long-distance runner, was honoured
with Arjuna Award in 2016.
India is unfortunately not affluent in the field of
athletics and track events. There are very few athletes who
won any medal in any global or major events. But the
scenario is changing in the 20th century, when people
started taking interest in athletics and facility are
providing to improve the meager situation of athletics. Anju
Bobby George made history when she won the bronze medal in
Women's long jump at the 2003 World Championships in
Athletics in Paris. With this achievement, she became the
first Indian athlete ever to win a medal in a World
Championships in Athletics jumping 6.70 m. Till 2010 Milkha
Singh was the only athlete to win an individual gold medal
at a Commonwealth Games but at 2010 Commonwealth Games,
Krishna Punia created history by winning the Women's discus
throw gold medal for India after 52 years and as first woman
to win a gold in athletics at Commonwealth Games. In the
same edition of Commonwealth games Manjeet Kaur, Sini Jose,
Ashwini Akkunji & Mandeep Kaur won the Women's 4 x 400 m
(Relay) gold medal. At 2014 Commonwealth Games Vikas Gowda
won the Men's Discus Throw gold medal.
Hima Das is only Indian track athlete to win a medal at any
IAAF global event. She won the gold medal in Women's 400
metres at 2018 IAAF World U20 Championships at Tampere,
Finland, on 12 July 2018, clocking a time of 51.46 seconds.
She is second gold medalist in athletics at IAAF World U20
Championships after Neeraj Chopra who won Men's javelin
throw gold at 2016 IAAF World U20 Championships by setting
world junior record with a throw of 86.48 m. Later Neeraj
went on to win the Men's javelin throw gold at 2018
Commonwealth Games. In 2020,Tokyo Olympics, he became first
indian athelete to win an Olympic Gold Medal in Men's
javelin throw. At 2016 Summer Olympics Lalita Babar becomes
the first Indian athlete since 1984 to reach Olympics finale
in the event of Women's 3000 metres steeplechase, before
her, P.T. Usha reach the finale of Women's 400 metres
hurdles at 1984 Summer Olympics.
P.T. Usha won multiple gold medals in different editions of
Asian Games and Asian Athletics Championships. Lavy Pinto
was the first Indian to win a gold medal in the Asian Games
which he won in the first Asian Games held at New Delhi in
1951 in 100 and 200-meter categories. Christine Brown,
Stephie D'Souza, Violet Peters, Mary D'Souza gave India its
first women's athletics gold medal when they won 4 x 100 m
relay in 1954 Asian Games but current Asian record is held
by Priyanka Pawar, Tintu Luka, Mandeep Kaur, Machettira Raju
Poovamma when they won Women's 4 x 400 metres relay at 2014
Asian Games clocking 3:28:68. Kamaljeet Sandhu was the first
Indian female athlete to win individual gold medal at any
Asian games by winning 400m track event at 1970 Asian Games.
Sunita Rani holds the current Asian record in 1500 m track
event winning at Busan 2002 Asian Games clocking 4:06:03.
Madhurjya Borah, an Indian triathlete holds silver medal at
South Asian Triathlon Championship.
Anu Vaidyanathan, an Indian triathlete, is the first Asian
to compete in Ultraman.
In May 2016, Arunaabh Shah from Delhi became the first
Indian male and the youngest Indian to finish Ultraman, at
Ultraman Australia.
Badminton
Indian badminton's leading women's pair of Jwala Gutta
(left)
and Ashwini Ponnappa, 2010.
Badminton(Shuttle Badminton) is played widely in India and
it is one of the most popular sports in India. Badminton is
a fast growing sport in India. Badminton's popularity has
grown in recent years. Indian shuttlers Saina Nehwal, K.
Srikanth and P.V. Sindhu are ranked amongst top-10 in
current BWF ranking. Prakash Padukone was the first player
from India to achieve world no.1 spot in the game and after
him K. Srikanth made it to the top spot as male player for
second time in April 2018 and Saina Nehwal is the first
female player from India to achieve World no.1 spot in April
2015. The most successful doubles player from India is Jwala
Gutta, who is the only Indian to have been ranked in the
top-10 of two categories. She peaked at no. 6 with
Valiyaveetil Diju in mixed doubles and at no. 10 with
Ashwini Ponnappa in women's doubles. Other successful
players include Aparna Popat, Pullela Gopichand, Syed Modi,
Chetan Anand, Parupalli Kashyap, Prannoy Kumar, Ashwini
Ponnappa, Chirag Shetty, Satwiksairaj Rankireddy and N.
Sikki Reddy.
Padukone and Gopichand, both won the All England Open in
1980 and 2001, respectively, making them the only Indians to
ever win the title. At the 2012 London Olympic Games, Nehwal
won the bronze medal in the individual women's competition,
the first for the country in badminton. In Rio 2016 and
Tokyo 2020, P.V.Sindhu won silver and bronze respectively in
Women's singles category, becoming the only indian woman to
win two medals at Olympics for India. India has won medals
at the BWF World Championships as well, with Padukone
winning in 1982. The doubles pairing of Gutta and Ponnappa
became the first women to win the medal when they won the
bronze in 2011. Sindhu won consecutive medals at 2013 and
2014 editions. Nehwal won a silver at 2015 Championships.
Saina is the only gold medalist for India in BWF World
Junior Championships, won in 2008, where as Sindhu and
Lakshya Sen are the only gold medalists in Badminton Asia
Junior Championships in their respective category for the
country, won in 2012 and 2018.
Basketball
Basketball is a popular sport in India, played in almost
every school, although very few people follow it
professionally. India has both men's and women's national
basketball teams. Both teams have hired head coaches who
have worked extensively with NBA players and now aim to
popularise the game in India. Satnam Singh Bhamara
officially marks the first player from India to be selected
in the NBA by being taken by the Dallas Mavericks as the
52nd pick of the 2015 NBA draft, as well as the first player
to be drafted straight out of high school as a postgraduate.
The Young Cagers, as the national team is nicknamed, made
one Olympic appearance in basketball, and appeared 20 times
in the Asian Championship. India is currently ranked 58th in
the world in basketball. The Indian national team had its
best result at the 1975 Asian Championship, when the team
finished ahead of teams including the Philippines, one of
Asia's basketball strongholds. Internationally, one of the
most recognised Indian basketball players has been
Sozhasingarayer Robinson. Affiliated into the International
Basketball Federation (FIBA) since 1936, India has one of
Asia's longest basketball traditions.
Members of India's women's national basketball team
at the 2009 Asian Indoor Games in Vietnam
India's women had their best result at the recent 2011 FIBA
Asia Championship for Women when they finished sixth. The
team has several internationally known players including
Geethu Anna Jose, who was invited to tryouts for the WNBA in
2011.
Boxing
Vijender Singh (second from right) posing with
his medal during the Commonwealth Games.
Boxing is a highly profiled sport in India, and although it
is a regular medal-holder at the Asian Games and
Commonwealth Games, though India has not yet produced a
world champion in any weight class. In November 2007,
India's Mary Kom won the best boxer title and secured a
hat-trick of titles. During the 2008 Beijing Olympics,
Vijender Singh won a bronze medal in the middleweight
division, and Akhil Kumar and Jitender Kumar qualified for
the quarterfinals. Akhil Kumar, Jitender Kumar, A.L. Lakra,
and Dinesh Kumar each won a bronze medal at the 2008 World
Championship. India's lone female boxer, M.C. Mary Kom, won
the bronze medal at the 2012 London Olympic Games.
Hockey
India women's national field hockey team, 2013
Field Hockey is a popular sport in India. Until the mid-1970s, India men's team dominated international field hockey, winning seven Olympic gold medals and won the 1975 Men's Hockey World Cup.
Since then, barring a gold medal at the 1980 Olympics, and a
bronze medal at Tokyo 2020 Olympics, India's performance in
field hockey has been dismal, as Australia, Netherlands and
Germany improved. Its decline is also due to the change in
rules of the game, introduction of artificial turf, and
internal politics in Indian field hockey bodies. The
popularity of field hockey has also declined massively
parallel to the decline of the Indian hockey team.
Throughout the 1980s, 1990s and 2000s, the standard of
Indian hockey greatly deteriorated, with a low point
occurring in 2008, after the Men's team failed to qualify
for the 2008 Olympics and finishing last in the 2012
Olympics.
However, since the mid 2010s the men's team has undergone a
gradual revival at the regional, continental, and global
stage, becoming runners up at the 2014 Commonwealth Games
and winning 2014 Asian Games gold. Despite bowing out at the
quarter final stage of the 2016 Rio Olympics following a
loss to Belgium, India would capture the 2017 Men's Hockey
Asia Cup title, restoring consistent dominance in Asia. A
marked Olympic improvement was witnessed at the 2020 games
in Tokyo, when India captured the bronze medal, signifying
the first medal and highest placing at the tournament in 41
years - since 1980. Currently, the Indian men's team is 5th
in the rankings of the Federation Internationale de Hockey
sur Gazon (FIH, English:International Hockey Federation),
the international governing body of field hockey and indoor
field hockey.
The Women's team came of age in 1980 when they first
participated at the Summer Olympics and achieved the fourth
place. The first golden moment for the team was in 1982 at
the Asian Games. Since then not much of happening moments in
the team history, though in 2016 after 34 years, it is a
little hope when Indian women's team qualified for the
Summer Olympics and they went on to win the 2017 Women's
Hockey Asia Cup claiming the Asian dominance after 2004.
India Women's team failed to win any medal in the Women's
Hockey World Cup. The present team is ranked 10th by the
Federation Internationale de Hockey.
India has hosted three Men's Hockey World Cups-one in 1982
in Mumbai, another in 2010 in Delhi, where they finished
fifth and eighth respectively, and the third at Bhubaneswar
in 2018. India also hosted the annual Hockey Champions
Trophy in 1996, 2005 2014 and 2016. Until 2008, the Indian
Hockey Federation (IHF) was the apex body for hockey in the
country. However, following revelations of corruption and
other scandals in the IHF, the federation was dissolved and
de-recognised, and a new apex body for Indian hockey called
Hockey India (HI) was formed on 20 May 2009, with support
from the IOA and former hockey players. HI, recognised by
the International Hockey Federation (FIH), has the sole
mandate to govern and conduct all activities for both men's
and women's field hockey in India. Although the IHF was
reinstated in 2010, it is not recognised by the FIH. The IHF
conducts a franchise-based tournament called World Series
Hockey (WSH), with its first season conducted in 2012.
However, it is not approved by HI or the FIH.
HI also conducts a franchise-based tournament called the
Hockey India League (HIL). Its first season was in 2013 and
is inspired from the Board of Control for Cricket in India's
(BCCI's) highly successful Indian Premier League. The
tournament is recognised by the FIH, which has also decided
to provide a 30-day window for the forthcoming seasons so
all top players can participate.
Football
Sayed Rahim Nabi of East Bengal FC and Daniel of
Chirag United SC during I-League at Salt Lake Stadium.
Football was introduced to India during the British colonial period. Although India has never been represented in any FIFA World Cup, it did qualify in 1950, though it did not take part, as they were not allowed to play barefoot. India was an Asian powerhouse in football in the 1950s and 1960s. During this golden era, India created history as the first Asian team to reach semi-finals in an Olympic football tournament in 1956 Summer Olympics at Melbourne and Neville D'Souza became the first Asian and Indian to score a hat-trick (record remains unbeaten) in an Olympic match. India also finished as runners-up in the 1964 AFC Asian Cup. But later on, the standard of football started to decline due to lack of professionalism and fitness culture. India currently ranks 105th in the FIFA rankings as of 12 August 2021.
Football is, nevertheless, widely popular both as a
spectator sport, and as a participation sport in some parts
of the country such as Kerala, West Bengal, Karnataka, Goa
and the Northeast. The India national football team
represents India in all FIFA tournaments. The Yuva Bharati
Krirangan of Kolkata was the second largest non-auto racing
stadium in the world.
In June 1937, at the Army Headquarters, Shimla, the All
India Football Federation (AIFF) was formed at a meeting of
the representatives of football associations of six regions
where the game was very popular in those days. It is the
governing body for football in India. Domestic competitions
for men's football include the Indian Super League,
I-League, I-League 2nd Division in the Indian League System
and the annual knock-out style Federation Cup. For women's
football, the India women's football championship. However,
it is European football, such as the English Premier League,
Spanish La Liga, and the UEFA Champions League, which are
very popular among Indian football fans, especially in
metropolitan cities.
FIFA revealed on 5 December 2013 (as part of their executive
committee meets in Salvador, Brazil), that India would be
the host of the 2017 FIFA U-17 World Cup, the 17th U-17 FIFA
World Cup. This was the first international football
competition at world level hosted by India. To help increase
interest in youth football in advance of the 2017 U-17 World
Cup, India launched the Mission XI Million programme. The
matches were held from 6 to 28 October in the cities of New
Delhi, Kolkata, Kochi, Navi Mumbai, Guwahati and Margao.
FIFA granted India the hosting rights for the 2020 FIFA U-17
Women's World Cup, which was rescheduled to be held between
17 February - 7 March 2021, due to the COVID-19 pandemic. On
17 November 2020, FIFA Council announced that the event was
postponed until 2022.
Golf
Jeev Milkha Singh
Golf is a growing sport in India. It is especially popular
among the wealthier classes, but has not yet caught on with
others due to the expenses involved in playing.
The most successful Indian golfers are Jeev Milkha Singh and
Anirban Lahiri. Singh won three titles on the European Tour,
four on the Japan Golf Tour, and six on the Asian Tour. His
highest world ranking was 28 March 2009. Singh has won the
Asian Tour Order of Merit twice. Meanwhile, Lahiri has two
European Tour wins and seven Asian Tour wins. He qualified
for the 2015 Presidents Cup.
Other Indians who have won the Asian Tour Order of Merit are
Jyoti Randhawa in 2002 (the first Indian to do so), and
Arjun Atwal, who went on in 2010 to become the first
Indian-born player to become a member of the US-based PGA
Tour and win the 2010 Wyndham Championship.
In golf at the Asian Games, India's men's golf team won gold
at the 1982 Asian Games, and silver at the 2006 Asian Games.
Lakshman Singh won the individual gold at the 1982 Asian
Games.
There are numerous golf courses all over India, and a
Professional Golf Tour of India. The main tournament is the
Hero Indian Open, co-sanctioned by the Asian Tour and
European Tour.
In Tokyo 2020 Olympics, Aditi Ashoka finished at 4th
position in women Golf Competition. It was best ever
performance by an Indian golfer at Olympics.
GymnasticsGymnastics came of age in India, when at the 2010
Commonwealth Games, Ashish Kumar won the first-ever medal in
gymnastics for India, a bronze. Ashish also won a silver
medal in the Men's vault at 2010 Commonwealth Games.
It was Glasgow 2014 Commonwealth Games, that Dipa Karmakar
from Tripura won the bronze medal in the Women's vault
finale. Her second vault, the most difficult vault with a
D-score of 7, the Produnova vault, named after famous Yelena
Produnova of Russia, also known as the vault of death due to
its difficulty and likelihood of injury, which she executed
with a score of 15.1 (D-7, Ex- 8.1) which contributed to her
winning the bronze medal. With this attempt she became fifth
gymnast to ever execute the Produnova just after legendary
gymnast Oksana Chusovitina who executed multiples times. In
October 2015, Karmakar became the first Indian gymnast to
qualify for a final stage at the World Artistic Gymnastics
Championships. Later in 2016 when she qualified for Rio
Olympics, she became first Indian gymnast to do so and also
hours after her qualification at 2016 Gymnastics Olympic
Test Event she clinched gold medal in Women's vault event
stunning Oksana Chusovitina with her prudunova again who
came second to her. On 6 July 2016, FIG honored Dipa by
naming her World Class Gymnast. At Rio Olympics she achieved
4th place in vaults. After a long break due to injury when
she ran for vaults and landed with a gold at World Challenge
Cup series.
Tennis
Mahesh Bhupati (left), and Leander Paes (right)
Tennis is a sport among Indians in urban areas. Tennis has
gained popularity after the exploits of Vijay Amritraj.
India's fortunes in Grand Slam singles have been
unimpressive, although Leander Paes won a singles bronze
medal at the 1996 Olympics. Since the late 1990s India has
had impressive results in Grand Slam doubles, Leander Paes
and Mahesh Bhupathi have won many men's doubles and mixed
doubles Grand Slam titles. Sania Mirza is the most notable
Indian woman tennis player, having won a WTA title and
breaking into the Top 30 WTA rankings, also winning three
Grand Slam doubles events, the first at Wimbledon in 2015.
On the men's side, young Somdev Devvarman and Yuki Bhambri
are flying India's flag on the ATP Tour. Yuki was the
Australian Open junior singles champion in 2009. Rohan
Bopanna has won two mixed doubles titles.
Shooting
The National Rifle Association of India (NRAI) was founded in 1951 with a view to promote and popularize the shooting sports in India. It is an important Olympic sport in India having won 4 medals till 2020 Tokyo Olympics .
Table Tennis
Manika Batra at 2019 Commonwealth Table Tennis championships
Table tennis is a popular indoor recreation sport in India,
which has caught on in states including West Bengal and
Tamil Nadu. The Table Tennis Federation of India is the
official governing body of the sport. India, which is ranked
30th in the world, has produced a single player ranked in
the top 50, Sharat Kamal.
Volleyball
Volleyball is a popular recreation sport played all over
India, both in rural and urban areas. India is ranked fifth
in Asia, and 27th in the world. In the youth and junior
levels, India came in second in the 2003 World Youth
Championships. The Indian senior men's team is ranked 46th
in the world. A major problem for the sport is the lack of
sponsors.
Weightlifting
Karnam Malleswari won a bronze medal at the 2000 Summer
Olympics in Sydney, making her the first Indian woman to win
an Olympic medal. The headquarters of the Indian
Weightlifting Federation is in New Delhi. The federation is
affiliated with the Indian Olympic Association (Delhi), and
is also a member of the Asian Weightlifting Federation
(Tehran) and International Weightlifting Federation (IWF,
Budapest). The International Weightlifting Federation banned
the Indian Weightlifting Federation from participating in
all international competitions for one year when three
Indian women weightlifters were accused of doping offences
in various international competitions in a single year.Later
in 2021, Saikhom Mirabai Chanu won Silver Medal in 49kg
category in 2020 Summer Olympics held in Tokyo.
Military World Games in Hyderabad, India.
Considered one of the most ancient and oldest sports in the
world, wrestling in India has a glorious past. The sport of
wrestling began its journey in India several centuries ago,
during the Middle Ages. Wrestling is among the most
prestigious and oldest events in the Olympic Games. It was
included in the Olympics in 708 BC. In ancient times,
wrestling in India was mainly used as a way to stay
physically fit. It was also used as a military exercise
without any weapons. Wrestling in India is also known as
dangal, and it is the basic form of a wrestling tournament.
In India, wrestling is mostly known as Malla-Yuddha.
Wrestling was mentioned in ancient times, found in the
Sanskrit epic of Indian history, Mahabharata. One of the
premier characters in Mahabharata, Bhima, was considered a
great wrestler. Other great wrestlers included Jarasandha,
Duryodhana, and Karna. Another Indian epic, Ramayana, also
mentions wrestling in India, describing Hanuman as one of
the greatest wrestlers of that time. The 13th-century Malla
Purana references a group of Gujarati Brahmin wrestlers
known as Jyesthimallas.
Aquatic Sports
The Swimming Federation of India (SFI) is the national
governing body for aquatic sports in India. Legally, it is a
non-profit association registered under the West Bengal
Societies Registration Act, 1861. The Federation holds
elections for its office bearers every four years. The SFI
currently oversees competition in the sports of swimming,
masters swimming, synchronized swimming, diving, high
diving, and water polo. It is affiliated to FINA, and the
Asia Swimming Federation (ASF).
Sajan Prakash and Srihari Natraj became the first-ever
Indian swimmers to qualify for the Olympic Games (2020
Olympics) by breaching the A standard time.
Canoeing & Kayaking
India has won 1 Bronze medal in Canoeing at the Asian Games.
Flat water and sea kayaking
Indian flat water kayakers are an emerging powerhouse on the
Asian circuit. Outside of professional flat water kayaking,
there is very limited recreational kayaking. The potential
to generate interest in flat water kayaking is held by
leisure resorts located near the sea or other water bodies.
Indian tourists tend to consider kayaking a one-time
activity, rather than a sport to be pursued.
Whitewater kayaking
Enthusiasts of whitewater kayaking are concentrated in the
north towards the Himalayas, with some in the south in
Bangalore in Karnataka. Most of these enthusiasts are or
were whitewater raft guides who took to the sport of
whitewater kayaking. Some of the prominent whitewater
kayakers include Abhinav Kala, Shalabh Gahlaut, and John
Pollard. Many of them have notched first descents (similar
to climbing ascents) on rivers in India and Nepal.
"Bangalore Kayakers" or "Southern River Runners" are India's
first amateur group of white water kayakers. Based out of
Bangalore, they explore rivers around Western Ghats. The
lure for most of these participants is adventure. Whitewater
kayaking in India allows for exploration of places where,
literally, no human has been before.
Gear availability is a problem that plagues kayakers. While
the global designs for whitewater boats and paddles change
annually, Indian kayakers have to pay high fees if they want
to import any kind of gear, or they have to buy used gear in
Nepal. More often than not, one will see Indian kayaking
guides riding down the river in a Perception Amp, Piroutte
or Dancer designs, while the kayakers from abroad ride the
river in their new design, planing hull, centred-volume
kayaks from Riot, Pyranha, or Wave Sport.
Kayaking India groups on Facebook are good resources for
kayakers in India.
Cycling
The history of cycling in India dates back to 1938, and the
Cycling Federation of India governs the sport. Though
cycling is unknown as a professional sport in India, it is
popular as a common recreational sport and a way to keep
fit.
Mountain biking
Mountain biking is becoming a popular sport in India. For
the last six years, Mtb himachal, a hardcore endurance
event, has been organised regularly by Himalayan Adventure
Sports & Tourism Promotion Association (HASTPA), a
non-governmental organisation (NGO). A number of national
and international riders participate, including Indian Army,
Indian Air Force, Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP), and a
number of young and energetic mountain biking individual
riders from cities including Pune, Bangalore, Delhi and
Chandigarh. Last year, the government of Sikkim (Department
of Tourism) introduced its own mountain biking race, with
Southeast Asia's biggest prize money. The second edition saw
48 professional participants from around the globe.
Road Cycling/ Touring
The Tour of Nilgiris is a major non-competitive and
non-commercial touring event in South Asia that covers 1,000
kilometres in under 10 days. The Tour of Nilgiris (TfN),
India's first Day Touring Cycle Ride, was born in December
2008 with the twin objectives of promoting bicycling as an
activity and spreading awareness about the bio-diversity,
flora and fauna of the Nilgiris.
It soon grew into something a lot more, with an eclectic
riding community in 2008 wanting to participate. The
community soon assembled, made plans, chose a route and
realised they would need a framework to support such a large
group of people. So they recruited sponsors to mitigate
costs as well as popularise the Tour and the cause of
popularising cycling as a viable and sustainable means of
travel.
Ever since its first edition, the TfN has stayed true to the
Community of Cyclists in India by being a Tour for the
Community, Of the Community and By the Community. It has
grown in size, stature and visibility. From 40 riders in the
first edition, it has grown to 100 cyclists in 2013. The
tour has grown bigger and the routes tougher, allowing
cyclists to test their endurance, enjoy the biodiversity of
the Nilgiris covering the southern states of Karnataka,
Tamil Nadu and Kerala.
For the racing aficionados, there are racing segments on the
tour with colour coded jerseys, recognition and prizes. TfN
as it is lovingly called is pushing cycling to new frontiers
with more and more interested cyclists, applying for the
tour. The tour has acquired quite a name, and currently
about 25% of registrations are selected for the tour by the
organisers.
Equestrian sports
India has a wide following in various equestrian sports,
including show jumping, eventing, dressage, endurance riding
and tent pegging. Supported by the Equestrian Federation of
India, eventing is the most popular of the five, with teams
representing the country at most Asian Games, winning a
bronze medal in the 2002 and 2006 games. India has been
represented at the Olympics twice, by Wing Commander I.J.
Lamba, and Imtiaz Anees.
Fencing
Fencing started in India with foundation of Fencing
Association of India in 1974. C. A. Bhavani Devi claimed a
spot in the women's sabre in 2020 Olympics as one of the two
highest-ranked fencers vying for qualification from Asia and
Oceania in the FIE Adjusted Official Rankings and became the
first Indian fencer to qualify for olympic games.
Judo
Judo is a sport which is widely played in India. The first
written record about judo in India in Kodokan is about
demonstrations and coaching of Judo by Shinzo Tagaki
arranged at Shantiniketan in 1929 by Rabindranath Tagore.
The Judo Federation of India was formed in 1965.
Rowing
India's history in rowing dates back to the British era. The
first club, the Calcutta Rowing Club was founded in 1858.
The Rowing Federation of India administers the sport in the
country. India's first ever Asian Games gold medal was won
by Bajrang Lal Takhar in 2010 but the country has never won
an Olympic medal in the sport.
Sailing
Sailing as a sport in India can be traced back to the first
recorded race being sailed on 6 February 1830 in the western
city of Bombay. Till the time the British left India in
1947, there were five active sailing clubs located at
Bombay, Madras, Bangalore, Barrackpore and Nainital. Today,
there are clubs located in Kerala, Pune, Goa, Hyderabad, and
Bhopal. The Yachting Association of India is the governing
body for sailing, windsurfing and motorboating in India. The
Yachting Association of India was formally constituted on 15
May 1960.
Taekwondo
Taekwondo in India is administered by the India Taekwondo
which was constituted in July 2019 consting of a five-member
ad hoc committee with Namdev Shirgaonkar as chairman with a
mandate to carry out the election procedures within a
stipulated time-frame. . Surendra Bhandari won a bronze
medal in taekwondo at the 2002 Asian Games. Taekwondo is
widely practised in India, with actors Neetu Chandra, Akshay
Kumar and Isha Koppikar holding black belts.
Baseball and Softball
Baseball has recently begun to show up in India. Softball is
played in school and at the university level. Two Indian
pitchers were selected by the "Million Dollar Arm"
competition to play in the United States. A talent
hunt-style competition conducted by Major League Baseball to
find baseball talent in India found the teenagers Rinku
Singh and Dinesh Patel, who were taken to the US and
received professional coaching. These two players were
selected to play for Pittsburgh Pirates minor league
organisations. Rinku Singh played for the Canberra Cavalry
of the Australian Baseball League for the competition's
inaugural 2010-11 season.
Handball
Handball is a very popular sport in India, played at the
local level, but hasn't yet made an impact at the national
level. India's handball team was formed & began playing on
27 April in 1989, although it hasn't yet made an impact on
the world stage, at the international level or the World
Cup. The Handball Federation of India manages handball in
India.
Karate
Karate in India is administered by the Karate India
Organization. India has produced many accomplished karatekas
like Aniket Gupta, Deepika Dhiman, Sunil Rathee, Supriya
Jatav and Gaurva Sindhiya. The 2015 Commonwealth Karate
Games were held in Delhi, India.
Rugby
Rugby union is a minor, but fast-growing, sport in India.
Some Indian sporting clubs have begun to embrace the game.
Non-Olympic sports
India has been a force in world billiards competitions.
Champions including Wilson Jones, Michael Ferreira, Geet
Sethi and now the domination of Pankaj Advani have
underlined the powerhouse status of the country.
The Snooker Federation of India, the apex body, plays a
proactive role in popularising the game. Many efforts have
been made by the Billiards and Snooker Federation of India
in the recent past to enhance the popularity of the game in
the country. Several training camps for developing budding
talent and providing them with regional and state
sponsorship have been organised by the Billiards and Snooker
Federation in various parts of the country.
Chess
Chess has risen in popularity in India over the last few
decades, primarily due to its star player Viswanathan Anand.
He is a multiple World Champion. The game originated from
India as a successor to Chaturanga or Shatranj. The All
India Chess Federation is the governing body for chess in
India.
Viswanathan Anand, a former World Chess Champion
playing Maxime Vachier-Lagrave in Paris.
Cricket
In a career of twenty four-year span, Sachin Tendulkar has
created many batting records,
and is often regarded as one of the most successful
cricketers of all time.
Cricket has a long history in India, having been introduced in the country during the British rule. It is by far the most popular sport in India. Cricket is played on local, national, and international level, and enjoys consistent heart-warming support from people in most parts of India. Its development has been closely tied in with the history of the country, mirroring many of the political and cultural developments around issues such as caste, gender, religion, and nationality. The Indian national cricket team played its first official match (a Test) in 1932 against England, and the team's performance since then has generally been mixed, sometimes enjoying stupendous success and sometimes suffering outright failure. The highest profile rival of the Indian cricket team is the Pakistani cricket team, though, in recent times, it has gained other rivals, including Australia, South Africa and England.
Although cricket is the most popular sport in India, it is
not the nation's official national sport as India does not
have a national sport. The governing body for cricket in
India, the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI), was
formed in December 1928 and is based in Mumbai. Today, BCCI
is the richest sporting body in the world.
India has hosted or co-hosted many major international
cricket tournaments, including the 1987 Cricket World Cup
(co-hosted with Pakistan), the 1996 Cricket World Cup
(co-hosted with Pakistan and Sri Lanka), the 2006 ICC
Champions Trophy and the 2011 Cricket World Cup (co-hosted
with Sri Lanka and Bangladesh). The India national cricket
team has won major tournaments, including the 1983 Cricket
World Cup in England, the 2007 ICC World Twenty20 in South
Africa, the 2011 Cricket World Cup (which they won by
beating Sri Lanka in the final at home), and the 2013 ICC
Champions Trophy, and has shared the 2002 ICC Champions
Trophy with Sri Lanka. It had also held the position of the
top team in Tests. The domestic competitions include the
Ranji Trophy, the Duleep Trophy, the Deodhar Trophy, the
Irani Trophy, and the Challenger Series, all of which are
not widely followed, despite cricket's popularity in the
country.
This parallels the global situation in cricket, where the
international game is more widely followed than the domestic
game in all major cricketing countries. In addition, the
BCCI conducts the Indian Premier League, a domestic
franchise-based Twenty20 competition, during March�April
every year and it has an immense popularity in the nation.
Kabaddi
Kabaddi is a popular national sport and the second most
popular sport in India, played mainly among people in
villages. It is regarded as a team-contact sport and as a
recreational form of combat training. The Amateur Kabaddi
Federation of India (AKFI) is in charge of running the
sports in India.
Two teams occupy opposite halves of a small field and take
turns sending a raider into the other half to win points by
tagging and wrestling members of the opposing team. The
raider then attempts to return to his own half while holding
his breath and chanting "kabaddi, kabaddi, kabaddi" during
the whole raid.
Kabaddi is one of the most popular sports in India
India has won gold in all the Asian Games in kabaddi
excepting 2018 Asian Games where they got bronze. The four
forms of kabaddi recognised by the Kabaddi Federation in
India are Amar, Sanjeevni, Gaminee and Punjabi rules Kabaddi.
India won the Kabaddi World Championship in 2007, beating
Iran 29-19.
Kickboxing
Members of India's national Kickboxing team
at the 2009 Asian Indoor Games in Vietnam
Kickboxing in India is promoted and governed by the Indian
Association of Kickboxing Organisations which was founded by
Er. S.S. Harichandan. Ratnadiptee Shimpi won a silver medal
and Pankaj Mahanta, Manoj Kumar, Mohammad Amir Khan and
Salam Lemba Meitei won four bronze medals in Kickboxing at
the 2009 Asian Indoor Games. Indian Team under Indian
Olympic Association participated in 2009 Asian Martial Arts
Games where Laxmi Tyagi won a gold medal and three others
bagged bronze medals.
Korfball
Korfball, a mixed-gender ball sport, with similarities to
netball and basketball, is played by over 50 countries in
the world. It is not as popular in India as other sports,
but is still played by a significant number of people. India
came in third place twice (2002 and 2006) in the
Asia-Oceania Korfball Championships.
Korfball, a mixed-gender ball sport, with similarities to
netball and basketball, is played by over 50 countries in
the world. It is not as popular in India as other sports,
but is still played by a significant number of people. India
came in third place twice (2002 and 2006) in the
Asia-Oceania Korfball Championships.
Kurash
Kurash Association of India overseas the sport in India.
India has won 2 medals in the inaugural event at 2018 Asian
Games.
Netball
Netball, derived from early versions of basketball, is a
popular sport in India, especially among Indian women.
India's national team is ranked 25th in the world and has
played only a few matches. The team has failed to qualify
for any of the World Netball Championships. They played 18
matches in total. In the 2010 Commonwealth Games in Delhi,
India, netball was included as a medal sport. However, the
Indian team failed to win a medal.
Motorsports
Motorsport is a popular spectator sport in India, although
there are relatively few competitors compared to other
sports, due to the high costs of competing. Coimbatore is
often referred to as the "Motor sports Capital of India" and
the "Backyard of Indian Motorsports". S. Karivardhan,
spearheaded motor racing, making Coimbatore the country's
motor racing hub when he designed and built entry level race
cars. Before Buddh International Circuit was constructed,
the country's only two permanent race ways were the Kari
Motor Speedway, Coimbatore and Madras Motor Racing Track,
Chennai.
MRF built the first Formula 3 car in 1997. MRF in
collaboration with Maruti established the Formula Maruti
racing, a single-seater, open-wheel class motorsport racing
event for race cars made in India. MRF Challenge is a
Formula 2000 open-wheel motorsport formula based series
organised by Madras Motor Sports Club in association with
MRF. Narain Karthikeyan and Karun Chandhok are the only
drivers from to represent India in Formula 1.
Force India drivers at the 2008 Canadian Grand Prix.
On 1 February 2005, Narain Karthikeyan became India's first
Formula One racing driver. In March 2007, he also became the
first-ever Indian-born driver to compete in a NASCAR Series.
He debuted in the NASCAR Camping World Truck Series in the
Kroger 250. Force India F1 was a Formula One motor racing
team. The team was formed in October 2007, when a consortium
led by Indian businessmen Vijay Mallya and Michiel Mol
bought the Spyker F1 team for
million. After competing
in 29 races without a point, Force India won their first
Formula One World Championship points and podium place when
Giancarlo Fisichella finished second in the 2009 Belgian
Grand Prix. New Delhi hosted the Indian Grand Prix from 2011
to 2013 at Buddh International Circuit in Greater Noida, 50
km from New Delhi. Karun Chandhok was the test driver for
Team Lotus & Narain Karthikeyan raced for HRT during the
first half of the 2011 Formula One season. Karun Chandhok
participated in Friday's[when?] practice session and
Karthikeyan (stepping in for Daniel Ricciardo) raced at the
2011 Indian Grand Prix; it was the first time two Indian
drivers associated with the same Formula One Grand Prix
directly.
Mahindra Racing is an Indian constructor competing in the
Formula E Championship since the inaugural season in 2014.
Alexander Sims and Alex Lynn are the team's current drivers.
The team formerly competed in MotoGP, fielding a team in the
junior Moto3 (125cc) category between 2011 and 2015.
Mahindra later refocused on being a bike and engine
supplier, ultimately pulling out of the sport in 2017. Team
MRF's Gaurav Gill the first Indian rally driver to win FIA
Asia-Pacific Rally Championship in 2013.
Polo
India is considered the cradle of modern polo. Babur, the
founder of the Mughal Empire in the 15th century, firmly
established its popularity. The period between the decline
of the Mughal dynasty and the upsurgence of the British
Imperial rule, polo almost vanished from mainland India.
Fortunately, the game survived in a few remote mountainous
enclaves of the subcontinent, notably Gilgit, Chitral,
Ladakh, and Manipur.
US First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy posing for a photograph
during
an annual Polo match in Rajasthan, known as the Sirmoor Cup
in 1962.
In India, the popularity of polo has waned and risen many
times. However, it has never lost its regal status. In the
last few decades, the emergence of privately owned teams has
ensured a renaissance in Indian polo. Today, polo is not
just restricted to the royalty and the Indian Army.
Rock climbing
Rock climbing has been around in India for a long time.
Presumably, the mountaineers headed for Himalayan ascents
had to train somewhere, and would have imparted some of the
initial technical climbing culture. Documented evidence of
rock climbing is associated with bouldering and climbing
around Bangalore's famous Ramanagara crags and Turahalli
boulders, around Western Ghats closer to Mumbai and Pune.
The Deccan Plateau and south of the Vindhya Range are
considered the prime locations for rock climbing in India.
There is an established climbing tradition associated with
Mumbai, Pune, and Bangalore. For example, Hampi is
considered the bouldering capital of India. Climbers
congregate here during New Year's Eve and climb through the
weeks preceding and after. Badami is popular for its free
and sport routes (numbering over 200).
Roller Sport
Roller sport is popular as a recreational sport in India,
specially roller skating for children, and it is gaining
popularity as a competitive sport. There are clubs in cities
and towns, and roller skating is taught in some schools of
urban areas.
Sepak takraw
Sepak takraw ball
Sepak takraw, though not very well known in India, was a demonstration sport at the Delhi Asian Games in 1982. The Sepaktakraw Federation of India, with its headquarters in Nagpur, Maharashtra, was founded on 10 September 1982. It is recognised by the Indian Olympic Association and Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports since 2000. So far, the federation has conducted 14 senior, seven junior, and six sub-junior national championships in different cities, and is conducting Federation Cup Tournaments and zonal National Championships.
The game is very popular in the northeastern state of
Manipur, and some of the best players came from there. In
the 22nd King's Cup International Sepak Takraw Tournament
held in Bangkok, the India men's team lost in the
semi-finals and claimed bronze in the team event. In the
doubles event, the women's team lost in the semi-finals, but
earned bronze medals.
On 21 August 2018, at the 2018 Asian Games, the national
men's team won a bronze after losing 2-0 to Thailand. It was
Indian's first medal in Sepak takraw in Asian games.
Squash
Squash is a popular recreational sport in India, and is
gaining popularity as a competitive sport. It is governed by
the Squash Rackets Federation of India.
Wushu
Wushu Association of India is the governing body of wushu in
India. It was established in 1989.
Cycle polo
A Traditional Cycle Polo game in CC&FC, Kolkata
The Cycle Polo Association of India was officially created in 1966 it has its office in Jaipur, Rajasthan. The first men's nationals were played in 1970 in New Delhi, with the team from Rajasthan emerging victorious. The Calcutta Cricket & Football Club hosted the first Merchant�s Cup Cycle Polo tournament in 1973. Currently, the CC&FC plays host to the March Mug, the Swaroop Bhanjdeo Memorial Tournament and the CC&FC Trophy. Since 2015 onwards, CC&FC has been hosting the CC&FC All India Invitation Cycle Polo Cup which is organised jointly by the CC&FC along with the Cycle Polo Association of Bengal.
India has won 8 medals, including record 6 Gold at
International Bicycle Polo Championships.
Tug of war
Women in a tug of war, at the annual Pushkar Fair, Rajasthan, India
The origins of tug of war are uncertain, but this sport was
practised in Cambodia, ancient Egypt, Greece, India and
China
Archeological evidence shows that tug of war was also
popular in India in the 12th century:
There is no specific time and place in history to define the
origin of the game of Tug of War. The contest of pulling on
the rope originates from ancient ceremonies and rituals.
Evidence is found in countries like Egypt, India, Myanmar,
New Guinea...
The origin of the game in India has strong archaeological
roots going back at least to the 12th century AD in the area
what is today the State of Orissa on the east coast. The
famous Sun Temple of Konark has a stone relief on the west
wing of the structure clearly showing the game of Tug of War
in progress.
American football
Introduced in 2011 by various American football figures,
including Mike Ditka and Ron Jaworski, the Elite Football
League of India was India's first professional American
football league. Their first league play was to commence in
2012, and feature teams from eight different Indian cities.
Floorball
Floorball, an indoor team sport, a type of floor hockey, is
gaining popularity in India. The Floorball Federation of
India was started in 2001 and, since then, it has expanded
rapidly. There have been four national floorball
championships held, with Uttar Pradesh becoming the
champions. Women's floorball has also expanded, and Mumbai
is the first national floorball champion of India. India is
a provisional member of the International Floorball
Federation. India has participated in many international
friendlies and steps are being taken to make India an
ordinary member of floorball.
Lacrosse
Lacrosse is a relatively new sport in India, introduced in
2006. The governing body for lacrosse in India is the Indian
National Lacrosse Federation. It is now being played by
schools in Shillong, Meghalaya, while being basically
nonexistent in the rest of the country. No traces of
Lacrosse in India can be found on the Internet.
Powerboating
In March 2004 Mumbai hosted the first ever F1H2O (Formula 1
Powerboat) Grand Prix of India From November 16 to 18 2018
Amaravati hosted the second F1H2O World championship Grand
Prix of India. The event brought wide media attention
especially after one of the team took the color and the name
of Andhra Pradesh Capital, making it the first Indian
branded team in the history of F1H2O. Team Amaravati led by
Swedish drivers Jonas Anderson and Eric Edin. During Grand
Prix of France held in Evian-les-Bains Jonas Anderson took
the first place and Indian flag waved on the highest step of
the podium. Since then many states are considering hosting
Formula One Powerboat event considering the fact that no
stadium is required to be built and the event is usually
free for spectators.
Throwball
Throwball, a non-contact competitive ball sport played
across a net between two teams of nine players on a
rectangular court, is gaining popularity in India. Indian
authorities of the game were instrumental in organising an
Asian-level and, later, a world-level association for the
sport. Throwball is played in gym class, colleges, and clubs
throughout Asian countries such as India, Sri Lanka, Korea,
Thailand, Malaysia, Japan, China, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan,
and Bangladesh. The sport is also slowly gaining in
popularity in other countries including France, Australia,
Brazil, Canada, and the United Kingdom. India's junior
throwball team visited Sri Lanka in 1982. Vijay Dahiya from
Haryana was captain of the team. The Indian team won the
test series.
Winter sports
Winter sports are common in India in the Himalayan areas.
Skiing tournaments take place every winter in Gulmarg, and
Manali. Winter sports are generally more common in the
northern states and territories of Jammu and Kashmir,
Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Sikkim, and Arunachal
Pradesh.
Skiing, snow rugby, snow cycling, and snow football are some
of the common winter sports played in India. Skiing is more
popular, although India has taken part in luge in Winter
Olympics since 1998. Shiva Keshavan is the only Indian to
have won medals in international meets in winter sports
(Asian Gold 2011, Asian Silver 2009, Asian Bronze 2008,
Asian Silver (doubles) 2005, Asian Bronze (singles) 2005),
and to have participated in four Olympic Games.
He is the Asian speed record holder at 134.4 km/h, making
him the fastest man in Asia on ice. Luge is practised in a
big way by the mountain residents in an improvised form
called "reri".
Bandy
India has a national bandy team. The Bandy Federation of
India governs bandy in India. Its headquarters are in Mandi
in Himachal Pradesh. Bandy, a team winter sport played on
ice, in which skaters use sticks to direct a ball into the
opposing team's goal, is generally played in northern India,
where there is snow and ice. India is one of seven countries
in Asia and out of a total of 28 to be a member of
Federation of International Bandy. BFI planned to send a
team to the 2011 Asian Winter Games in Astana-Almaty, but
ultimately did not.
Ice hockey
Ice hockey is played in the colder parts of India, including
Kashmir, Ladakh, and parts of Himachal Pradesh.
Traditional sports
India has many traditional regional forms of martial arts
such as lathi khela, sqay, kalari, kushti, thang-ta and
silambam.
Board games
Board Games like Bridge, Carrom, Ludo and Snakes and ladders
are very popular across India and are widely played. Carrom,
Ludo (Pachisi) and Snakes and Ladders (Gyan chauper) trace
their origin to India.
India has won 3 medals, including 1 Gold in Bridge
competition at 2018 Asian Games.
Kho-kho
Kho kho is a tag sport played by teams of twelve players who
try to avoid being touched by members of the opposing team,
only nine players of the team enter the field. It is one of
the two most popular traditional tag games played in
schools, the other being kabaddi. Kho Kho Federation of
India overseas the sports in the country.
Seval Sandai
Seval sandai, traditional cock fight
Seval Sandai or Seval Porr (cockfighting) is a popular rural
sport. Three or four-inch blades are attached to the cocks'
feet and the winner is decided after three or four rounds of
no-holds-barred fighting. The sport involves major gambling
in recent times.
Lagoori
Lagoori is played by children of all ages throughout India.
In this there are usually 12 players, 6 in each time. A ball
and 9 flat rocks are need to play this game. The rocks are
pilled in the center on top of each other from the largest
to the smallest flat rock. Then the ball is used to hit the
pile by each team separately. The team which hits the pile
first and manages topple the pile of rocks gets the chance
to hold the ball and hit the player of opposite team with
that ball. The task of the opposite team is to re-arrange
the pile of rock without getting hit by the ball. Whichever
players get hit by the ball is out and the task is taken
further by remaining player of his team. If the team with
the ball succeeds to out all the players before they could
re-arrange the pile they win. If the team manages to
re-arrange the pile then the team with the ball loses.
Kancha
Kancha is played by using marbles. Marbles are glass balls
which are very popular among children. It is popular in
small Indian cities and villages, among small boys only as a
gully sport. It is rarely played by girls. The participant
has to hit the marble kept in a circle. If he hits the
target properly, he wins. The winner gets the kancha of the
other participant boys.
Jallikattu
Jallikattu, taming the bull
Rekla, bullock cart race
Jallikattu is a popular bull-taming sport practiced
particularly during Pongal festival. Jallikattu was a
popular sport since the Tamil classical period.
Rekla race
Rekla race is an associated sport which is a form of bullock
cart racing. In May 2014, the Supreme Court of India banned
both the sports citing animal welfare issues.
Gilli-danda
Young boys playing Gilli-danda, a traditional Indian sport.
Gilli-danda or Karra billa is a sport played by using one
small stick (gilli) and a large stick (danda) like cricket,
with the ball replaced by gilli. It is still played in
villages of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu,
Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, Punjab,
Maharashtra and Gujarat in India only as a recreational
sport among boys.
Other Traditional Games
Uriyadi involves smashing a small earthen pot with a long
stick, usually with a cloth wrapped around the eyes to
prevent the participants from seeing the pot. Seasonal
sports such as Dahi Handi also have a following.
Other regional sports include Ilavatta kal where huge
spherical rocks are lifted, Nondi played by folding one leg
and hopping squares. Other regional games also include atya
patya, langdi, surr, sitolia, Gatka, mallakhamb and shooting
ball have dedicated followers. Indoor games include
Pallanguzhi involving beads, Bambaram involving the spinning
of a top, Dhayakattai which is a modified dice game, Aadu
puli attam, Nungu vandi and Seechangal.
Kite-flying
Kite-flying is pursued by many people in India, in cities as
well as villages. The festival of Makar Sankranti features
kite-flying competitions. It is festival which is a passion
among Indians.
Other Games
Other sports and games including Air sports, Water sports,
Triathlon, Pentathlon, MMA, Bodybuilding, Arm Wrestling,
Bowling, Ball Hockey, Soft tennis, Australian rules
football, Darts, Frisbee, Fistball and Tennikoit have
dedicated followers and their own national sports
federations.
India has achieved success in some of these games. They have
won a Silver medal at 2019 Ball Hockey World Championship.
They have won 5 medals, including 2 Gold at Commonwealth
Tenpin Bowling Championships. They have won 2 medals at
Asia-Pacific Fistball Championships.
National teams
Sports broadcasting in India
Local sporting events broadcasting is in a stagnant stage in
India due to the mandatory sharing of sporting events of
live feed and rights made by ordnance in favour of Prasar
Bharathi. Thus, all sports broadcasters playout from outside
the country, which only allows the capability to produce
international events and fades the production, distribution,
invention of the new local field of sporting events.
Major sports television networks include Star Sports, Star
Sports Network, Sony Ten, Sony Six, Sony ESPN, ESPN Asia,
DSport, 1Sports and DD Sports.
Sports leagues in India
Multi sport events
Green background for regional event.
Event |
Current Sponsored |
Games |
Participation |
Seasons |
National Games of India |
|
30 |
38 (29 states + 7 Union territories + 2 Others) |
36 (Summer)5 (Winter) |
Khelo India Youth Games |
|
20 |
36 (29 states + 7 Union territories) |
3 |
Khelo India University Games |
Indian Oil |
17 |
176 universities from 20 states/Union territories |
1 |
National[Green background for the major IPL-Style sports
leagues. Blue background for the major sports leagues.
The no. of seasons are as in August 2015.
International
League |
Current Sponsored |
Game |
Participation |
Seasons |
Teams |
Indian Teams |
AFC Cup |
|
Football |
Club Teams |
13 |
32 |
2 |
International Premier Tennis League (IPTL) |
Coca-Cola |
Tennis |
Club Teams |
2 |
4 |
1 |
Youth Sports Leagues
I-League U19 (association football)
Others
Ring Ka King (Professional Wrestling)
Super Fight League (Mixed Martial Arts)
Boom - Indian Premier Fight League (Mixed Martial Arts)
School Games (School Sports Event)
Proposed Leagues
Defunct Leagues
Sports Universities
A few sports universities have been started at the National
and the State Levels in India but many are in the pipe line.
Out of the 1200+ Central, State, Deemed and Private
Universities besides the Institutes of National Importance
passed by the Parliament, more than 900 University level
institutions are providing training, teaching and research
at Diploma, Post Graduate Diploma, Bachelor�s, Master�s and
Doctoral levels in the areas of sports coaching, talent
identification, sports science, sports medicine, sports
management, sports infrastructure development and physical
education.
The Indian Institute of Sports (IIS), New Delhi is fully
prepared with its Team for providing guidance on a
continuing basis for curriculum design, self instructional
materials, conference organization, sports event management,
publication of encyclopaedias, texts and reference books
besides occasional monographs with a view to bringing
productivity, efficiency and quality awareness in all the
institutions teaching sports besides the Central and the
State level Ministries and Departments, Sports Authorities
and other promotional bodies.
Further details are available from :
Dr. Sudhanshu Shekghar Roy
Director General,
Indian Institute of Sports, New Delhi
Emails :
[email protected],
[email protected]
Website : www.sports.org.in